PURPOSE:To compare histologically the action of Mitomycin C and that of Clobetasol propionate for surgical wound healing in rats.METHODS:A circular skin fragment was surgically removed from 57 Wistar rats. Twenty-two animals were treated with Mitomycin C with topical medication in a single dose, 22 with Clobetasol propionate with a cream medication once a day for 15 days and 13 did not receive any medication. The animals were euthanized 30 and 60 days, and the scars subjected to histological examination.RESULTS: The histological analysis on the samples did not show statistically significant differences regarding the quantities of fibroblasts, fibrocytes and vascular proliferation in the three groups, in the evaluations after 30 and 60 days. In the treated groups with Mitomycin C and Clobetasol there was a decrease in collagen concentration over the 30-day period and an increase in collagen concentration over the 60-day period, in comparison with the control group.CONCLUSIONS: The actions of Mitomycin C and Clobetasol were equivalent and not interfere in fibroplasias and in angiogenesis. Both drugs initially cause a decrease in collagen over a 30-day period and an increase over a 60-day period, demonstrating a delay in the wound healing.

The vomeronasal organ was first described in humans in the seventeenth century. It has a chemosensory function and is found in the mucosa of the nasal septum of mammals and consists of an opening in the mucosa at the base of the nasal septum. For this study, 143 individulas undergoing nasofibrolaryngoscopy were studied, and presence of the vomeronasal organ was considered to be a finding from the examination. Three morphological types of vomeronasal organ were observed: fissure, fossette and circular. The total prevalence of the vomeronasal organ among these patients was 28% (40 individulas ). The prevalence of the vomeronasal organ in this study population is compatible with what has been reported in other studies. The forms of the vomeronasal organ can be characterized: fissure, fossette and circular. The fossette type is commonest in males and the fissure among females.

El órgano vomeronasal se describió por primera vez en seres humanos en el siglo XVII. Tiene una función quimiosensorial y se encuentra en la mucosa del tabique nasal de los mamíferos, y consta de una abertura en la mucosa en la base del tabique nasal. Para este estudio, 143 individuos fueron estudiados mediante nasofibrolaringoscopía, y la presencia del órgano vomeronasal se consideró un hallazgo del examen. Tres tipos morfológicos de órgano vomeronasal se observaron: fisura, foseta y circular, siendo el tipo foseta es más común en los hombres y las fisuras entre las mujeres. La prevalencia total del órgano vomeronasal entre estos pacientes fue de 28% (40 pacientes). La prevalencia del órgano vomeronasal de la población en estudio es compatible con lo que ha sido reportado en otros estudios.

There is no consensus about the precise definition of what the cardia is. Although this term is often utilized in the medical literature, it takes on a variety of meanings, depending on the context. For histologists and endoscopists, the cardia is a region of the stomach immediately below the gastroesophageal junction. However, the concepts of gastroesophageal junction used by histologists and endoscopists are not the same as used by anatomists. This junction is histologically defined as the abrupt transition from the nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus to simple columnar epithelium and corresponds to the endoscopically defined Z-line. Nevertheless, this epithelial change does not occur exactly in the anatomical transition between the esophagus and stomach, but is situated in the esophagus, 1 or 2 cm above the anatomical transition. Surgeons usually use the term cardia as synonymous with lower esophageal sphincter. From a strictly oncological point of view, the cardia is the region that includes the most distal 5 cm of the esophagus and the most proximal 5 cm of the stomach. Thus, it is easy to see that there is no uniform concept of the cardia. The term cardia needs to be revised as a matter of urgency

No existe concenso sobre una definición precisa de lo que es el cardia. Aunque este término es a menudo utilizado en la literatura médica ha tomado una variedad de significados dependiendo del contexto. Para histólogos y endoscopistas, el cardia es una región del estómago inmediatamente bajo la unión gastroesofágica. Sin embargo, los conceptos de unión gastroesofágica usado por éstos es diferente al de los anatomistas. Esta unión es histológicamente definida como la abrupta transición del epitelio escamoso estratificado no queratinizada del esófago, a un epitelio columnar simple y corresponde a lo que endoscópicamente se define como línea Z. Sin embargo, este cambio epitelial no ocurre exactamente en la transición anatómica entre el esófago y el estómago, pero está situado en el esófago, 1 a 2 cm por encima de la transición anatómica. Generalmente, los cirujanos usan el término cardia como sinónimo de esfínter esofágico inferior. Desde un estricto punto de vista oncológico, el cardia es la región que incluye los más distales 5 cm del esófago y los más proximales 5 cm del estómago. Así, es fácil afirmar que no hay un concepto uniforme del cardia. El término necesita ser urgentemente revisado